How to Become an RN: A 5-Step Guide

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Written by Marie Hasty, BSN, RN Content Writer, IntelyCare
Young African-American nurse in blue scrubs

Wondering if you’d like to learn how to become an RN? Do you enjoy helping others? Interested in learning about the human body, medical treatments, and disease? If you answered yes to these questions, and you’re looking for a career with endless opportunities for growth and development, this article on how to become a registered nurse can shed some more light on this path.

The nursing profession makes up the largest healthcare profession in the U.S., and working as a nurse comes with a range of perks. When you think about the top qualities of nurses, you might imagine compassion, empathy, and patience.

Being a great nurse certainly requires these attributes, but you’ll also need technical nursing skills, critical thinking, and a license to practice backed by formal training. We’ll explore your RN education options, plus we’ll answer some common questions including:

What Is a Registered Nurse?

A registered nurse is a licensed healthcare professional who has completed either an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), passed the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) for registered nurses, and obtained licensure from their state board of nursing.

An RN is one of a handful of types of nursing licenses. These licenses signify different levels of education and training and determine a nurse’s scope of practice. In other words, your license type reflects what you’re legally authorized to do in your nursing job.

An RN scope of practice is broader than that of a licensed practical nurse (LPN), known as a licensed vocational nurse (LVN) in California and Texas. Practical/vocational nurses provide basic nursing care under the supervision of RNs or physicians. Learn more about an LPN vs. RN.

An RN has a smaller scope of practice than an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), such as a nurse practitioner (NP). An NP scope of practice can include prescribing medication, monitoring and educating patients, and planning care. In some states, NPs practice independently. Becoming an NP requires, at minimum, completing a master’s of science in nursing (MSN) after becoming an RN.

What Does a Registered Nurse Do?

In a nutshell, a registered nurse provides and coordinates care, educates patients and their families, and advocates for patient well-being in various settings.

So what does a registered nurse do daily? The answer will largely depend on where you work and the types of patients you serve. There’s so much you can do with a nursing degree, but here are some examples of common nursing duties in various healthcare settings:

Emergency Department RN in a Hospital

  • Performing focused assessments
  • Administering medications through various routes
  • Monitoring vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure

Explore the latest RN ER jobs on IntelyCare.

RN in a Hospice Facility

  • Monitoring patient’s pain and discomfort levels
  • Educating family on end-of-life goals and interventions
  • Keeping patients as comfortable as possible

Explore the latest hospice RN jobs on IntelyCare.

Labor and Delivery RN in a Birthing Center

  • Operating bedside medical equipment such as fetal heart rate monitors and blood glucose tests
  • Collaborating with multidisciplinary team members, including nurse midwives (CNMs), anesthesiologists, and physicians
  • Placing and maintaining IVs, foley catheters, and more

Explore the latest labor and delivery RN jobs on IntelyCare.

RN in an Elementary School

  • Conducting health screenings and managing chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes
  • Providing first aid and emergency care for injuries or illnesses
  • Educating students and staff on health and wellness topics

Explore the latest school RN jobs on IntelyCare.

Psychiatric RN in a Community Clinic

  • Conducting mental health assessments and developing care plans
  • Administering medications and monitoring patient responses
  • Facilitating therapy sessions and support groups

Explore the latest psychiatric RN jobs on IntelyCare.

Regardless of setting, when you’re learning how to become an RN, you’ll find that your duties also include completing administrative work related to patient care, and assisting doctors by being the first line of information about patients.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Nurse?

It can take anywhere from two to four years to learn how to become a registered nurse — it depends on what nursing degree you want to obtain. An ADN takes around two years to complete; a BSN takes around four years.

If you’re less interested in nursing leadership or non-clinical roles, getting an ADN might be the best choice. This is also the preferred path if you’re thinking about how to become an RN fast.

Want to invest in a four-year degree that opens you up to more career opportunities in the long term? Sounds like you want to know how to become an RN with a BSN. With this path, your RN education will be more comprehensive, so it’s no surprise that employers tend to prefer to hire BSN-prepared nurses.

Learn more about the difference between ADN vs. BSN degrees.

How to Become an RN: 5 Steps

In addition to the satisfaction you’ll get from caring for others, becoming an RN is a wise career move. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job growth for registered nurses is projected to be 6% in the next decade — that’s faster than the average for all other occupations. Below, we break down the steps to become an RN.

Step 1: Understand Your Options to Make a Plan

Once you’ve decided on the type of program you want to pursue, you’ll need to do some research to know your specific options. For example:

  • Online nursing programs offer remote learners more opportunities to go to class from home, and some are self-paced or part time.
  • Direct-entry programs are great for BSN-seekers who already have a previous non-nursing degree.
  • Accelerated programs are great for go-getters who want to hit the ground running in their nursing education.

As you’re evaluating a program, don’t pick one just because it looks like you can get in. Do some research first. Find out:

  • Is the program accredited?
  • Do their students tend to pass the NCLEX?
  • Do student reviews reflect positive experiences?

Nursing school teaches you how to become an RN — and nursing classes can be quite hard — but being in a good program will help you lay a strong foundation as you’re obtaining RN training.

Step 2: Complete Requirements and Apply

Once you’ve decided on the type of nursing program you want to pursue, familiarize yourself with the specific admission requirements of the programs you’re interested in.

If you’re pursuing an ADN or BSN, here are some of the pre-degree requirements you’ll likely need to meet:

Step 3: Complete a Nursing Program

Once you’re admitted, you’ll begin the challenging yet rewarding journey of nursing school. Many nurses recall this part of their career as demanding — you’ll be juggling intensive classes and exams, as well as lab time, clinicals, and study. Some of the RN training courses you’ll take in an ADN or BSN program include:

  • Community health nursing
  • Health assessment
  • Med-surg or fundamentals
  • Mental health nursing
  • Pathophysiology
  • Pediatric nursing
  • Pharmacology
  • Women’s health and obstetrics

Clinical placements teach you how to become an RN from hands-on learning experiences. You’ll apply classroom knowledge to real patients under the supervision of an instructor. During school, you’ll rotate to different areas, like hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, newborn wards, and more. For your first few semesters, you’ll be with a group of your peers, but in later rotations, you’ll be assigned a preceptor nurse as you begin working more independently.

Many nursing students find jobs before they graduate. You’ll likely start applying to roles in nursing residency programs during your last semesters, and interviewing for them in your last few months of school. These roles are contingent upon you completing school and gaining licensure.

In the final weeks of school, you’ll also complete your state nursing board’s requirements to register for the licensure exam. Requirements may include a background check, fingerprints, and application fees. If you live in a nursing compact state, you may also be eligible to work in other states by obtaining a multi-state license.

Step 4: Get Licensed

Once you’ve graduated from nursing school, you deserve to celebrate! It’s a significant accomplishment, but you’ve got one more big task to check off before you can begin practicing: passing the NCLEX-RN.

The NCLEX takes up to five hours, and you’ll receive between 85 and 150 questions. Be sure to prepare well in advance for this test to give yourself the best chance of passing on the first try. Taking practice exams, reviewing materials from school, and studying with friends can help you do well. Once you pass, you can apply for licensure with your state board of nursing. If you don’t pass the first time, don’t fret. You can hit the books again and retake the NCLEX.

Step 5: Maintain Your License and Grow Your Career

Upon completing the steps to become an RN, you’ll need to maintain your license by meeting renewal requirements. RN license renewals are usually due every two years, but each state has a different schedule for submitting renewal requirements. Typically, these include a certain number of continuing education hours, working hours, or some combination of the two.

Once you’re a nurse, you could pursue a variety of nursing specialties such as geriatric, oncology, wound care, and many more. Many new graduates start in inpatient specialties like meg-surg, where they gain experience and learn where their interests lie. Don’t worry if you can’t decide on a specialty yet — many nurses start out in one area and try out several specialties during the course of their career.

After you’ve gained experience in a particular area of nursing, you may want to consider earning relevant nursing certifications that demonstrate your expertise. Gaining additional training and credentials makes you a more competitive candidate for new jobs and promotions, and they can even help you earn more income. Here are some of the top certifications for RNs:

  • Nursing Professional Development (NPD-BC)
  • Progressive Care Certified Nurse (PCCN)
  • Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN)
  • Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification (MEDSURG-BC)
  • Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN)

How to Become a Registered Nurse in Your State

State State Laws Governing RN Licenses Nurse Practice Act Information
Alabama Code of Alabama, Title 34, Chapter 21: Sections 34-21-1 to 34-21-155 Alabama Nurse Practice Act
Alaska Alaska Statutes: Chapter 68, Section 08.68 Alaska Nurse Practice Act
Arizona Arizona Revised Statutes, Title 32, Chapter 15: Sections 32-1601 to 32-1669 Arizona Nurse Practice Act
Arkansas Arkansas Code: Title 17, Chapter 87, Sections 17.87.101 to 17.87.808 Arkansas Nurse Practice Act
California California Business and Professions Code, Chapter 6 (NPA) California Nurse Practice Act
Colorado Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 12, Article. 255: Sections 12-155-101 to 12-155-136 Colorado Nurse Practice Act
Connecticut General Statutes of Connecticut, Title 20, Chapter 378: Sections 20-87 to 20-102z Connecticut Nurse Practice Act
Delaware Delaware Code, Title 24, Chapter 19: Sections 1901 to 1938 Delaware Nurse Practice Act
Florida Florida Statutes Chapter 464: Sections 464.001 to 464.027 Florida Nurse Practice Act
Georgia Georgia Code, Title 43, Chapter 26: Section 43-26-1 to 43-26-13 Georgia Nurse Practice Act
Hawaii Hawaii Revised Statutes, Volume 10, Chapter 457: Sections 457-1 to 457-17 Hawaii Nurse Practice Act
Idaho Idaho Statutes, Title 54, Chapter 14, Sections 54-1401 to 54-1420 Idaho Nurse Practice Act
Illinois 225 Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) 65, Sections 50 to 80 Illinois Nurse Practice Act
Indiana Indiana Code: IC 25-23 Indiana Nurse Practice Act
Iowa Iowa Code, Title IV, Chapter 152, Sections 152.1 to 152.12 Iowa Nurse Practice Act
Kansas Kansas Annotated Statutes, Chapter 65, Article 11: Sections 65-1113 to 65-1166 Kansas Nurse Practice Act
Kentucky Kentucky Revised Statutes, Title XXVI, Chapter 314, Sections 314.011 to 314.040 Kentucky Nurse Laws and Regulations
Louisiana Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 37: Sections 961 to 979 Louisiana Nurse Practice Act
Maine Maine Revised Statutes, Title 32, Chapter 31, Sections 2101 to 2259 Maine Nurse Laws and Regulations
Maryland Maryland Annotated Code, Health Occupations, Title 8: Sections 8.101-8.802 Maryland Nurse Practice Act
Massachusetts Massachusetts General Laws (MGL): Chapter 13, Sections 13-15D; Chapter 112, Sections 74-81C Massachusetts Nurse Practice Act
Michigan Michigan Compiled Laws, Chapter 333: Sections 333.16101 to 333.16349; Sections 333.17201 to 333.17242 Michigan Nurse Practice Act
Minnesota Minnesota Statutes: Sections 148.171 to 148.285 Minnesota Nurse Practice Act
Mississippi Mississippi Revised Statutes, Title 73, Chapter 15, Sections 73-15-1 to 73-15-35 Mississippi Nurse Laws and Rules
Missouri Revised Statutes of Missouri, Chapter 335: Sections 335.011 to 335.420 Missouri Nurse Practice Act
Montana Montana Code, Title 37, Chapter 8, Sections 37-8-101 to 37-8-501 Montana Nurse Regulations
Nebraska Nebraska Revised Statutes, Chapter 38, Sections 38-2201 to 38-2238 Nebraska Nurse Regulations
Nevada Nevada Revised Statutes, Title 54, Chapter 632: Sections 632.005 to 632.500 Nevada Nurse Practice Act
New Hampshire New Hampshire, Title XXX, Chapter 326-B, Sections 326-B:1 to 326-B:48 New Hampshire Nurse Laws and Rules
New Jersey New Jersey Statutes Title 45, Sections 45:11-23 to 45:11A-14 New Jersey Nurse Regulations
New Mexico New Mexico Statutes 1978, Chapter 61, Article 3: Sections 1 to 31 New Mexico Nurse Practice Act
New York Consolidated Laws of New York, Chapter 16, Title 8, Article 139: Sections 6900 to 6912 New York Nurse Practice Act
North Carolina General Statutes of North Carolina, Chapter 90, Article 9A: Sections 90-171.19 to 90-171.49 North Carolina Nurse Practice Act
North Dakota North Dakota Century Code, Title 43, Chapter 43-12.1, Sections 43-12.1-01 to 43-12.1-20 North Dakota Nurse Practice Act
Ohio Ohio Revised Code, Chapter 4723: Sections 4723.01 to 4723.99 Ohio Nurse Practice Act
Oklahoma Oklahoma Statutes: Title 59, Chapter 12, Sections 567.1-567.26 Oklahoma Nurse Practice Act
Oregon Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 17, Title 52, Chapter 678: Sections 678.010 to 678.448 Oregon Nurse Practice Act
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Code: Title 49, Chapter 21, Sections 21.1 to 21.831 Pennsylvania Nurse Practice Act
Rhode Island Rhode Island General Laws, Title 5, Chapter 34, Sections 5-34-1 to 5-34-50 Rhode Island Nurse Regulations
South Carolina SC Code of Laws – Title 40, Chapter 33: Sections 40-33-5 to 40-33-1365 South Carolina Nurse Practice Act
South Dakota South Dakota Codified Laws, Title 36, Chapter 9, Sections 36-9-1 to 36-9-99 South Dakota Nurse Practice Act
Tennessee Tennessee Code, Title 63, Chapter 7, Sections 63-7-101 to 63-7-403 Tennessee Nursing Rules
Texas Texas Occupational Code, Chapter 301: Nurses, Sections 301.001 to 301.657 Texas Nurse Practice Act
Utah Utah Code, Title 58, Chapter 31b: Parts 1 to 8 Utah Nurse Practice Act
Vermont Vermont Statutes, Title 26, Chapter 28, Sections 1571 to 1648 Vermont Nurse Rules and Statutes
Virginia Code of Virginia, Title 54.1, Subtitle III, Chapter 30: Sections 54.1-3000 to 54.1-3043 Virginia Nurse Practice Act
Washington Revised Code of Washington, Title 18, Chapter 18.79, Sections 18.79.010 to 18.79.902 Washington Nurse Laws and Rules
Washington, DC Code of the District of Columbia, Title 3, Chapter 12, Sections 3-1201.01 to 3-1271.32 Washington, DC, Nurse Practice Act
West Virginia West Virginia Statutes, Chapter 30, Sections 30-7-1 to 30-7-20 West Virginia Nurse Practice Act
Wisconsin Wisconsin Statutes, Chapter 441, Subchapter I: Sections 441.001 to 441.19 Wisconsin Nurse Practice Act
Wyoming Wyoming Statutes, Title 33, Chapter 21, Sections 33-21-120 to 33-21-302 Wyoming Nurse Practice Act

Best Places for RNs to Work

Because you can tailor your nursing career to your individual interests and skill set, there’s really no universal best nursing job. One RN may love working the night shift in a long-term care facility, while another RN may enjoy working in a busy urgent care in a rural area, while yet another RN may find their passion by working in the ICU in a huge city hospital.

That said, some nursing specialties have a reputation for being happier than other specialties, and some prominent healthcare employers have been recognized as especially great places to work:

When you’re learning how to become an RN, you’ll develop preferences that will inform your career path. For example, acute care versus post-acute care; large healthcare employers versus community health roles. Wherever you land, your job prospects will likely be promising.

Nurses are in demand all over the country, but some locations employ more RNs than others. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the following metropolitan areas have some of the highest levels of employment for RNs in the country:

Registered nurses work in a number of settings. Here’s a breakdown of top healthcare settings that employ RNs, as well as the corresponding percentage:

  • General medical and surgical hospitals: 30.61%
  • Outpatient care centers: 15.39%
  • Home health care services: 11.21%
  • Offices of physicians: 7.74%
  • Employment services: 3.49%

If a high salary is your goal, you’ll be interested in the top-paying states for registered nurses. Check out the following:

Note that the type of healthcare setting that employs you can also impact your salary. For example, RN jobs in outpatient care centers and hospitals tend to pay higher average salaries to RNs than offices of physicians and home health care services.

For more insight on where nurses can work, take a look at all the RN jobs on IntelyCare right now.

How to Become an RN: Career FAQ

Now that you know how to become an RN, let’s take a look at some common questions surrounding the profession.

Where can nurses work?

Nursing careers offer a variety of work environments; some nurses don’t work at the bedside with patients, and some nurses work from home. Here are some typical workplaces that employ nurses:

    • Clinics and medical offices

    • Community health organizations

    • Corporations

    • Hospitals

    • Pharmaceutical and medical device companies

What education is needed to become a registered nurse?

If you want to become an RN, you have two degree options: an ADN or BSN. If you’re looking to enter the professional nursing world more quickly, an associate degree might be the better option.

On the other hand, if you’re seeking a degree with more advancement opportunities down the line, investing in a BSN is likely the best option. If you choose an ADN program and then decide you want to further your education, you can always enroll in an ADN-to-BSN bridge program.

What certificate is needed to be a nurse?

The primary credential you’ll need to be a nurse is to pass the NCLEX-RN. This exam is essential for obtaining a nursing license, which allows you to practice as an RN in your state. However, this is typically called a license, not a certificate. There are additional specialty certifications for nurses, but these are in addition to your nursing license, and typically are not a requirement for practice.

How much does it cost to attend nursing school?

While education isn’t cheap, the cost of nursing school varies greatly — from a few thousand dollars to upwards of six figures, depending on what degree you pursue and where and how you pursue it. For example, if you attend a community college, it’ll cost you much less than if you attend a private four-year college.

If you’re not sure how to pay for nursing school, there are several financial aid resources at your disposal. Some employers and states also offer tuition forgiveness or reimbursement. For example, if you’re an LPN working towards an RN license, your workplace may help fund your education. Check out these resources to help you pay for nursing school:

How much do RNs in the U.S. make?

The average salary for a registered nurse is $94,480. Nursing salaries depend on a lot of factors such as specialty area, certifications, education, years of experience and location. Learn how you can make more money as a nurse.

Make Nursing Fit Your Lifestyle

Would you like to know more about how to become an RN who enjoys a fulfilling career? Find out how IntelyCare can match you with the latest RN job opportunities in your specialty and location.