What Is the Nursing Scope of Practice? An Overview
Nursing is a dynamic profession that’s evolved greatly throughout the past century. A role that began with the concept of caregiving now encompasses the entire continuum of health promotion, patient education, disease prevention, and care coordination. Nurses currently make up the largest workforce within the healthcare industry, and the nursing scope of practice has become pivotal in regulating standards of care.
But what exactly does scope of practice mean and why is it so important for nursing professionals? If you’re a facility leader, this is a fundamental concept to understand since it helps shape facility-level policies and workflow. We’ll walk you through everything you need to know from how scope of practice is defined to why it’s important to follow.
What Is the Scope of Practice in Nursing?
Theoretically, the nursing scope of practice encompasses the who, what, when, why, where, and how of the nursing profession. Under the American Nurses Association (ANA) Scope and Standards of Practice, this more specifically refers to:
- Who is educated and licensed to provide care
- What nursing responsibilities and duties are
- When there is a need for nursing knowledge or leadership
- Where there are individuals in need of nursing care
- Why nurses are committed to promoting health outcomes
- How nursing is defined by standards of care
In a more practical sense, the scope of practice is a regulatory framework defining how nursing duties should be carried out under licensure or certification. There are four distinct levels of nursing, based on education and training. While specific duties vary by state, the scope of practice for each of these levels can broadly be defined as follows:
- Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) — Assists with basic patient care tasks, such as vital sign monitoring and aiding with activities of daily living (ADLs), as assigned by LPNs and RNs
- Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) — Carries out basic nursing responsibilities, such as wound care and catheter insertion, with certain tasks requiring RN supervision
- Registered Nurse (RN) — Completes all nursing care processes, such as medication administration and patient education, in addition to overseeing basic care duties
- Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) — Manages complex and specialized care processes, such as diagnosing conditions and recommending treatment
What Factors Shape The Nursing Scope of Practice?
There are many different factors that go into shaping the scope of practice. Nursing licensure requirements and federal regulations dictate what nurses can and cannot do, while facilities implement protocols to meet standards of care. We can take a closer look at how these factors come into play below.
State Licensure Requirements
Under the Nursing Practice Act, each state holds jurisdiction over how nursing professionals practice. State boards not only determine competencies needed to receive and maintain licensure, but also define which tasks nurses are allowed to carry out, how activities should be delegated, and who nurses should report to.
For example, some states limit a nurse practitioner’s scope of practice by requiring physician oversight to prescribe medications. Other states permit nurse practitioners to practice completely independently.
Federal Regulations
While state-based requirements shape most of the nurse’s scope of practice, federal health agencies, such as the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), also play a role. To meet care standards defined by these agencies, facilities must enact certain protocols that nurses are expected to follow as they deliver care.
For example, CMS outlines regulations aimed toward preventing medical errors, one of which specifies what information must be validated prior to medication administration. Since medication administration is a nurse’s responsibility, validating necessary information also falls under their scope of practice.
Facility Protocols
Beyond the responsibilities defined by state boards of nursing, some facilities may implement more specific guidance on how tasks should be carried out in their units. For example, LPNs and RNs are trained to insert catheters, but some hospitals require additional certification before they can carry out this task. This is a common quality improvement initiative to help prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).
Nursing Scope of Practice Examples
To provide more context, we can take a look at examples of nurses working outside their scope of practice and within their scope of practice.
Example 1: Outside Scope of Practice
Scenario: An RN is having a particularly busy day in a clinic based in Alabama. She asks an LPN to help administer an IV push medication to one of the patients on the floor. The LPN agrees and completes this task without supervision.
Explanation: The Alabama Board of Nursing prohibits LPNs from administering any medications via IV push, unless hospitals apply for standardized certification. In this case, the LPN carried out a duty that fell outside of her scope of practice without the certification to do so.
Example 2: Within Scope of Practice
Scenario: A nurse asks a CNA on the floor to check on one of her patients. The CNA notices that the patient’s wound dressing is soaked in blood and needs to be changed. The CNA reports this to the nurse who then comes in to conduct a full wound care assessment.
Explanation: While CNAs are expected to report any noticeable changes in skin condition, they are not trained to examine or clean wounds. The CNA stayed within her scope of practice by sharing these findings to the nurse, who then came in to complete wound care.
Why Is It Important to Stay Within The Scope of Practice?
Defining the nursing scope of practice ensures nursing professionals at all levels understand what their duties are and how to carry them out efficiently. This framework sets a standard that ensures nurses are equipped with proper skills to deliver safe and quality care.
If a nurse carries out a task that they’re not properly trained or qualified to do, this could endanger patients and lead to major consequences. Nurses risk losing their jobs, facing financial penalties, or even having their licenses revoked. To help prevent this at the facility level, it’s important for leaders to provide guidance and training so that their staff have a clear understanding of what their scope of practice is.
Discover More Ways to Support Your Nursing Staff
Now that you understand the nursing scope of practice, you may be wondering how you can take steps to support your staff in their daily work. Learn practical ways to bridge gaps across the nursing profession through IntelyCare’s free newsletter.